Comment reconnaître l’authentique Enseignement Explicite ?
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)
Comment faire la différence entre l’Enseignement Explicite véritable et la contrefaçon constructiviste soi-disant explicite ?
Tout article, discours, présentation parlant d’Enseignement Explicite :
- dit toute l’importance des données probantes en matière d’évaluation des pratiques pédagogiques ;
- mentionne les études à grande échelle les plus importantes (au moins le projet Follow Through) ;
- fait référence à son fondateur, Barak Rosenshine ;
- et au moins aux chercheurs essentiels Clermont Gauthier, Steve Bissonnette, Mario Richard ;
- dit l’essence instructionniste de la pratique ;
- évoque les principes cognitifs sur lesquels est basée la pratique ;
- fait référence à des cognitivistes comme Sweller, Willingham, Kirschner, Dehaene ;
- décrit les étapes pédagogiques : explication, compréhension, maintien en mémoire (dire, montrer, guider, entraîner) ;
- présente l’architecture d’une leçon et les principes essentiels ;
- considère l’enseignant comme un professionnel capable d’identifier les pratiques pédagogiques efficaces ;
- dit l’importance de la gestion de classe enseignée elle aussi explicitement ;
- ne prétend pas être la seule méthode efficace ;
- explique que tout ne se vaut pas en pédagogie ;
- montre la différence avec l’enseignement traditionnel ;
- évoque les liens de parenté avec le Direct Instruction, méthode explicite inventée par Siegfried Engelmann.
Pour éviter d’être victime d’une escroquerie pédagogique constructiviste, appliquez donc ces critères simples pour garder l'intéressant... et jeter le reste ! |